Glossary

A common connector for plugging in a standard pair of music headphones such as the ones found on music players, computers and most other electronic devices with audio outputs. It can support stereo and/or microphone, depending on the number of separate connector rings on the jack. Some phones offer only a 2.5 mm jack, which is a smaller variety of the same principle. Headphones supplied with mobile phones usually have a mic somewhere along the cable and a remote button that allows for managing calls without using the phone. Some manufacturers opt for placing a 3.5mm audio jack on this remote control instead of directly on the phone itself. The reason for this is that 3.5mm jacks take up quite a lot of internal space; plus, in this way the user gets to keep the remote control/mic functionality while using third-party headphones.

Today’s smartphones come equipped with a very comprehensive set of camera related specifications. Our smartphone, for many of us, has become our primary camera due to it being the one we always have with us. In its purest form, smartphone photography is all about collecting photons (light) and converting them into electrons (image). The capabilities of the supporting hardware and software are paramount to producing high-quality images of your chosen subject.

Megapixels

The resolution of the image taken by a smartphone is measured in megapixels, a higher megapixel count doesn’t always equate to a better picture. The desire to have more and more megapixels has slowed as manufacturers focus on the quality of those megapixels captured. Accomplished by having larger pixels within the CMOS Sensor to capture more light, contrasting with a high-resolution CMOS sensor that has smaller pixels and therefore captures less light. Higher megapixel images allow ‘cropping’ of the original without losing too much detail. Higher megapixel images also ensure a higher quality image when printed, for example when printing ‘posters.’ As a comparison, when playing back images on a television or monitor - a 4K TV has an 8.3-megapixel count while an HD TV has a 2.1-megapixel number. In most cases still images are stored either as jpeg or HEVC, these compress the image file size without losing any detail (loss-less compression). Some high-end phones capture in RAW leading to much larger file sizes. The most common format for recording video is H.264/H.265. Google and Apple provide paid ‘cloud’ storage for off-loading your photo’s and video’s over WiFi or cellular to reduce the impact on the phones internal storage.

Thus their CPU (Central Processing Unit) performance is vital for the daily user experience and people tend to use the clock rate of the main CPU that's in the heart of the chipset to compare the performance of competing end products. As we already pointed out, the clock rate of a processor is only useful for providing performance comparisons between computer chips in the same processor family and generation. Also, as mobile gaming is increasingly gaining popularity, users have become more aware of the various types of GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) chips that come as part of the mobile chipsets and sometimes even consider their performance when making buying decisions.

Construction Definition Depicts the development materials, techniques and completions utilized by the maker when fabricating a telephone. Likewise with the design world, each new season (or telephone send off) presents new or extravagantly names tones. Somewhat Blue anybody? Every material utilized has novel properties that are both worthwhile and free to the gadget however frequently accompany impediments. For instance, a glass body permits radio waves to go through and better works with remote charging, however except if used appropriately, could make the telephone more delicate. Late development patterns incorporate the utilization of aluminum, glass and even pottery.

Computer processor (Focal Handling Unit) - also called a processor - is an electronic circuit that can execute PC programs. Current microchips show up in everything from cars to cell phones. The clock rate is one of the principle attributes of the computer chip when execution is concerned. With a specific computer processor, supplanting the gem with another precious stone that wavers with double the recurrence will by and large make the computer processor run with double the presentation. It will likewise make the central processor produce generally double how much waste hotness. Engineers are endeavoring to push the limits of the momentum models and are continually looking for better approaches to plan computer processors that tick a little faster or utilize somewhat less energy per clock. This produces new cooler computer chips that can run at higher clock rates. The clock pace of a processor is just helpful for giving examinations between microchips in a similar processor family and age. Clock rates can be extremely deceptive since how much work different microchips can do in one cycle changes.

Display Type Definition There are many display/panel types used in smartphones today. These include:

• LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
• IPS-LCD (In-Plane Switching Liquid Crystal Display)
• OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode)
• AMOLED (Active-Matrix Organic Light-Emitting Diode)

The screen, when combined with the touch element, is 'the' major element of the user interface and as such we go to great lengths when testing screens during our review process to measure a displays quality by measuring Contrast Ratio, Color Calibration, Brightness and Sunlight Legibility.

A way or organizing different types of data in the phone's memory. Also referred to as Shared memory. Dynamic memory means that all types of data are stored in the same memory (there is no separate memory for photos, ringtones etc.). An advantage of dynamic memory over partitioned memory is that it is more flexible - with partitioned memory, you can fill up the photo memory for example and you won't be able to take any more photos even if other types of memory are free.

The GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) is a specialized circuit designed to accelerate the image output in a frame buffer intended for output to a display. GPUs are very efficient at manipulating computer graphics and are generally more effective than general-purpose CPUs for algorithms where processing of large blocks of data is done in parallel. Modern smartphones are equipped with advanced embedded chipsets that can do many different tasks depending on their programming. GPUs are an essential part of those chipsets and as mobile games are pushing the boundaries of their capabilities, the GPU performance is becoming increasingly important.

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The loudspeaker is a small sound driver fitted within a mobile phone, or other communication device, which is used to produce sound. Traditionally, loudspeakers on mobile phones are used to produce sound alerts for events such as incoming calls, incoming messages and alarms. Since mobile phones have started doubling as portable music players in recent years, users have begun using their built-in speakers for playback of music. Acknowledging this new type of use of the mobile phone loudspeaker, manufacturers have begin to equip their music or video-centric mobiles with more powerful loudspeakers or even a pair of loudspeakers for accurate stereo reproduction and enhanced spatial effects. Loudspeakers are also used to reproduce voice calls out loud, thus allowing users to deal with calls hands-free or even have conference calls with others in the same room (that use of the mobile phone is called a speakerphone, which is not to be confused with a loudspeaker). Loudspeaker implementation can vary from model to model. For example, in order to save space and make phones thinner, some manufacturers don't use a dedicated loudspeaker but instead use the earpiece speaker to produce sound alerts as well. One way or another, whether you use it for fun, conference calls or just for plain ringing, there is one single thing that's important - loudness. We had explored this in depth in our reviews besides the casual subjective remark, but in 2007 we decided it was time we took a more scientific approach. So we got ourselves a handy piece of equipment - a digital noise/loudness meter - in order to start measuring objectively that all-important aspect of modern handsets - how loud is the loudspeaker in reality. So, for the record, here is how our test setup goes. We do our tests in one and the same quiet room taking sound measurements with the handset loudspeaker facing the microphone at a distance of exactly 1 m. We do three different tests. For each test we make several consecutive measurements - we usually disregard the highest and the lowest readings and we take the average value of the rest.   The three tests are as follows: 1) A phone ringing. We use an old-school ringtone, resembling the ringing of an old phone. It seems that most phones do well when we use it. 2) Pink noise. We use a sample of pink noise. Our readings with it are pretty indicative on how well the handset loudspeaker would fare with standard music. Teenagers definitely appreciate a handset that will allow them to crank up the volume as high as possible. 3) Human voice, male. This is an important test, since if you tend the use the loudspeaker for speakerphone purposes, loudness is really important, regardless of whether you are in a conference room or in your car.

A special slot for inserting a memory card. Memory cards allow you to expand the phone's built-in memory (or in the past these slots have been used to add some missing features such as Wi-Fi connectivity). Memory cards have different capacities and are used to store and transfer files between compatible devices. There are several types of memory cards. The most popular and frequently used by mobile phone manufacturers is microSD; however, up until recently Sony Ericsson exclusively used the Memory Stick Micro (M2) card type developed by Sony. Memory card slots can have various supported memory card capacities. Depending on the device, card slots can support capacities of up to 512GB or even the yet unavailable 2TB. As manufacturers rarely test their products for compatibility with newer and larger cards that come out after a specific handset is out on the market, whenever it is possible, we try to verify that larger capacity cards run on older phones. When we confirm that a mobile phone works with a larger capacity memory card than what the manufacturer has advertized, we usually put that down in the phone specs sheet in our database. That way, when you see the word "verified" in the Card slot field, you will know our reviewing team has personally tested the device for compatibility with the stated capacity and they are compatible even though it may not be officially stated so by the manufacturer.

A key part of any mobile phone specification is its operating frequency bands. The supported frequency bands determine whether a certain handset is compatible with a certain network carrier. Beside the mobile phone specifications, RedDokan is happy to also provide you with its own country-based frequency band directory. It's not operator-specific and it's helpful if you are choosing a handset to use in your home country or if you are making sure your phone will work in the country you are heading to. 2G, first introduced in 1992, is the second-generation of cellular telephone technology and the first to use digital encryption of conversations. 2G networks were the first to offer data services and SMS text messaging, but their data transfer rates are lower than those of their successors. 3G networks succeed 2G ones, offering faster data transfer rates and are the first to enable video calls. This makes them especially suitable for use in modern smartphones, which require constant high-speed internet connection for many of their applications. 4G is the fourth generation of mobile phone communications standards. It is a successor of the 3G and provides ultra-broadband internet access for mobile devices. The high data transfer rates make 4G networks suitable for use in USB wireless modems for laptops and even home internet access. 5G is the fifth generation of mobile phone communications standards. It is a successor to 4G and promises to be faster than previous generations while opening up new uses cases for mobile data. The 5G benefits range from faster speeds (up to 10x faster), much lower latency (up to 50x lower) and greater capacity allowing many more devices to be connected at the same time.

The Functioning System is a base establishment programming part of a motorized structure. It controls commonly fundamental errands of the PC (or other electronic contraptions like PDA, phone, etc) The Functioning Structure allows the customer to present and execute outcast applications (regularly called applications for short), by and large adding new helpfulness to the device. Among the most renowned PC working structures are Microsoft's Windows and Apple's MacOS, close by the various scatterings of Linux. The most notable working framework's for PDAs (phones and tablets) are Apple's iOS and Google's Android and they are the ones specifically that really show advancement. Down the situations there are Edge's BlackBerry working framework and Microsoft's Windows Flexible. Symbian holds a far away fifth spot, while it wasn't such a lot of that previously it was at this point the most by and large used adaptable working framework. Later Blackberry phones use the Android working framework with added Blackberry security features. On October eighth 2017, Microsoft communicated that while they will maintain the Windows Flexible stage, they will stop enhancement for any new features. Today cells with a proper working framework are called cells and customers have a wide determination of uses, for instance, games, proficiency applications, correspondence or online media applications, automated guides, etc Standardized working system stages make it possible to give an anticipated UI (and experience) across devices from different hardware makers. Nonetheless, Android wireless producers like to alter the customer experience so each offers a to some degree changed variation of the stock Android UI.

The stage of a phone within its life cycle as we report it within our Phone Specifications page here at RedDokan.

Rumored

Not yet officially announced or even confirmed for market release yet. You'll notice that we're very enthusiastic on reporting on rumors for upcoming phone releases. If you've got a hot story to share with us, Contact Us Here.

Coming Soon

Officially announced, but not yet available to buy in stores or online. However, it may be available for pre-order. We include the announcement date within our Phone Specifications page

Cancelled

Officially announced, then officially cancelled. Rarely happens.

Available

In production, can be found new in stores and online. Availability could vary by region though.

Discontinued

No longer in production, can usually be found pre-owned online.   If you think that any information for the current phone is wrong or missing, please Contact Us Here.

The value we show in our Telephone Determinations page is for reference data just which is helpful for examination purposes. This cost is frequently the underlying send off cost of the telephone and doesn't consider any 'offers' or transporter endowments. Cell phone costs are dynamic and change consistently. We basically can't screen the costs of the a huge number of models in our data set, by country, consistently. As an aide, to know the specific cost of a telephone, if it's not too much trouble, go to the sites recorded in the Check Value choice on the left-hand side of the Telephone Determinations page.

A term that refers to the number of pixels on a display or in a camera sensor (specifically in a digital image). A higher resolution means more pixels and more pixels provide the ability to display more visual information (resulting in greater clarity and more detail).

Standard Display Resolution Sizes

The industry standard way of representing screen resolution is publishing the number of pixels that form the two sides of the display rectangle. A number of standards currently exist when it comes to display resolutions:

Name(s)	Resolution in pixels
High Definition (HD)	1280 x 720
Full HD, FHD	1920 x 1080
2K, Quad HD, QHD	2560 x 1440
4K, Ultra HD	3840 x 2160

Resolution does not refer to the physical size of the display, camera sensor or image. For example, two displays with the same resolution can have different physical dimensions. Hence the importance of the other parameter that we publish - pixel density, which is measured in pixels-per-inch (ppi). Since a smaller display of the same resolution will have more pixels per inch the image provided by it should be clearer and more detailed (although graphics will be physically smaller).

A supporter personality module is a removable brilliant card for cell phones. SIM cards store the necessary data to distinguish the cell phone. It additionally contains information needed for voice encryption to settle on tuning in on decisions exceedingly difficult (with the exception of when the remote transporter itself is doing the listening in). In this manner the client ID (and individual number) is attached to the SIM card and not to a specific cell phone. This takes into account a consistent trade of a similar SIM card between various GSM cell phones. SIM cards likewise fill in as capacity for SMS messages and the client's contacts. Current SIM cards can hide away to 250 name/number sets and up to 50 SMS instant messages. The SIM card can't store different numbers per contact or other more mind boggling data. This actually intends that assuming you duplicate your contacts data from the telephone memory to the SIM memory, contacts become separated into however many sections as there are numbers for every individual contact and disposes of the other data. All GSM telephones and most iDEN telephones require a SIM card to work. There are particular sorts of telephones (CDMA, TDMA, AMPS) that don't utilize a SIM. All things being equal, the necessary information is customized straightforwardly into the telephone. Replaceable SIM cards come in four standard sizes: Full-size (85.6mm × 53.98mm × 0.76 mm) Smaller than normal SIM (25mm x 15mm x 0.76mm) Miniature SIM (15mm x 12mm x 0.76mm) Nano-SIM (12.3mm × 8.8mm × 0.67mm) The eSIM or Embedded SIM comes in a single size: eSIM (6mm x 5mm x <1mm) Non Removable